Julius g



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. G.y POHL. PROCESS OP AND APPARATUS POR ELEVATING LIQUIDS.

.exi ,rouasblu Patented Jan. 15, 1895.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented Jan. l5, 1895.

mz Noam: PE1-:ns co. novo-umu. wAsmNGToN. n. c.

(No Model.)

' J. G. POHL.

PROCESS OP AND APPARATUS POR vELEVATING- LIQUIDS. No. 532.699.

,t UNITED` f STATES .PATENT-f OFFICE.

v'J'UfLIUs le. POHL, or NEW YORK, N. Y. a

PROCESS o F AND APPARATUS FOR ELEvATlNc I IQulDs.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 532,699, dated January 15,1895'. Application filed J' une l0 1893. Serial No. 47731.10. (No model.)

, Figure 1 shows a View of my apparatus partly in vertical section, and partly in elevation; Fig. 2, a view on an enlarged scale of a longitudinal vertical section of the lower part of the apparatus, shown in Fig. 1; Fig.

3, a view of a modified arrangement ofthe tanks or stand-pipes of the upper part of theA Y apparatus; Fig. 4, a detail View on an enlarged scale, 1 showing the airr distributing reservoir, with the casing of its lower end partially broken away, and, Fig. V5, a detail view showing an eduction pipe running up outside of the respective stand pipe.

Letters of like name and kind refer to like parts in each of the gures.

In the United States patent granted to me, December 6, 1892, No. 487,639,1there is shown, described and claimed, a process ofL elevating liquids, in the carrying out of which an open ended eduction-pipe is partially submerged that portion which originally stood in the in Aa body of the liquid tol be raised, and compressed gaseous fluid, preferablyfair, is continuously'introduced into the lowerA part of the eductionpipe, in such manner, as to form,

in the pipe, a series of bubblesof the comupressed gaseous duid, containing enough of .the latter to expand across the pipe, and

form pipe-fitting piston-like "layers in the column of liquid within the pipe; so that the column of liquid rising inthe pipe, because of the pressure of the external liquid, after pipe has been forced out, is subdivided by the gaseousV iiuid into smallv portions before it .reaches the level of the liquid outside of the pipe; and'acoutinuously upward flowing series of well defined alternate layers of gaseous iiuid andshort layers of liquid are formed and forced up the pipe. The result is, that,

after the process is once started,`the liquid will be continuously elevated in the eductionpipe and discharged from the mouth thereof, even where the latter is situated far .above the level of the body -of liquid surrounding the submerged part of the pipe. Aslfully described in` my said patent, with the submergence of the pipe equal to about three fifths of its entire length, a rapid and substantially continuous flow of liquid from the upper end Aof the pipe can be secured, with the gaseous liuid Iat a pressure less, than that of the weight'of a column of the liquid extending up in the pipe, from the point of entry of the fluid, to the level ofthe surrounding liquid. The manner and principle4 of the working of my said process are fully set forth in my said patent, and need not be explained at length inlhepresent case.

As described, the process and apparatus are well vadapted -for the economical raising of the liquid to a height, above the body, in which the eduction-pipe is submerged, equal to or two thirds of the extent of the submergence. The possible height of elevation of liquid, above said body, depends upon the submergence. With this'fact in View, it has been the special purpose of my present invention, set forth in and covered by this application, to make my process applicable where, as is often the casein mines, the water or other liquid is to be raised to a consider- -able height, and the depth of the body of liquid to be` acted upon, is not sufficient to enable the required submergence to be obtained by sinking the eduction-pipe directly in it;

and tomake it possible to secure any extent of lsubmergence needed for the raising of liquid tothe height desired for anyone di- I'rect lift through a single eduction-pipe, and to this end my invention consists in the process, and in the apparatus and parts thereof, as hereinafter .specified p A Inthe drawings A designates a mine-sump or other receptacle, from which the water is ,to be Aelevated many times the depth of the liquid contents. thereof. As indicated, such depth is six feet, but it can be more or less, Ywithout interfering with the successful op,-

eration of my process, if the parts of the ap- Ico f Y .Y Y Y t tially submerged in the body of water in said pipe B, shaped like the corresponding part shown in my said patent; that is, having the enlargement or chamber b, at its lower end, connected with the main part of the pipe by a taper or conical part b. Such enlargement, while desirable, can be dispensed with, without departure from my process, as covered herein. For support of the pipe, so as to leave its lower end open, to allow free flow of the water, from the sump, up through it, I show legs or standards b2, b2, resting on the sump-bottom; but do not conne myself to` such construction. Any other form of support can be used instead.

A pipe C, connected with any suitable source of supply of gaseous fluid, for ordinary purposes, preferably, air, has a part C' running down into the lower end of the eduction-pipe, or the enlargement b therein, and its end turned upward, so as to discharge substantially in line with the main part of pipe B. Its mouth c is, as shown and described, in my patent referred to, preferably made upwardly flaring, so as to cause the air issuing from it to spread out and form bubbles as large as possible.

The eduction-pipe B extends up above the level of the water in the sump or receptacle A, a distance about equal to the length of the submerged portion of the pipe, that is, about six feet, and there discharges into the upper end ot' a stand-pipe or deep tank D, which can be conveniently made in the form of a pipe, as it need not have a diameter much larger than the second eduction-pipe B', which eX- tends down within it, to or nearly to its bottom, and can be supported in the same way as pipe B. With stand-pipe D filled from the latter pipe, as indicated, I secure about twelve feetsubmergenceof eduction-pipeB'. Where the final lift, from the lower level, is to beto a point one hundred feet above the bottom of` the sump, I prefer to make the depth of standpipe D a little greater than twelve feet, so as to secure about twelve and a half feet sub-n into a second stand-pipe D' which is twenty; five feet deep,and in which is submerged the; third eduction pipe B2 iifty feet in length, constructed like the others already described, and also having a correspondingly arrangedl and shaped inlet pipe C', for introducing com-` pressed air or other gaseous iiuid into its lower portion. This pipe B2, in turn, discharges into the fifty foot stand-pipe D2, in which is half submerged the eduction -pipe B3, one hundred feet long, made like the others already described, and having the same kind and arrangement of air or fluid introducing device C.

With the compressed air or other gaseous ,y

fluid introduced into the lower part of educ tionpipe B3, through the respective pipe C', in the manner described in my said patent, the water will be elevated up through and discharged from the upper end .of the eductionpipe, at a height of one hundred feet above the bottom of the sump or receptacle A. It', for any reasonit is desired that the extent of elevation be one hundred feet above the level of the water inthe sump, such end can be easily attained by making one or more of the eduction pipes, and the respective standlpipes, a little longer.

While I have found one hundred feet to be the most convenient extent for one lift, as the pressure of the air used to secure it by my process, need not be more than forty five pounds, l, of course, do not limit myself to such a lift. If desired, the described arrangement can be continued, so as to bring into use longer stand and eduction pipes, 'and increase the length of lift, to any required extent, the only limit being the strength of the pipes and the amount of air or gaseous fluid pressure available. It will, of course, be understood, that, where the depth of the body of water to be acted up'on is greater than that mentioned above, and indicated in the drawings, the length of the Iirst eduction-pi pe and the depth of the first stand-pipe into which such pipe discharges, can be made correspondingly greater, so that the desired length of lift of eighty or one hundred feet might be secured with fewer stand and eduction-pipes, ora longer lift might be obtained with the number and arrangement of such pipes shown and described.

Since, as indicated hereinbefore, it is not necessary that the submergence-tanks I), D', D2, should be much larger than the respective eduetion pipes B', B2, B3, they can be made in the form of pipes and arranged close together in the bottom of the mine, so as to take up but very little room. I can, then, secure any desired length of submergence of the last one of the series of eduction-pipes, however shallow the sump may be, without obstructing, to any objectionable extent, the mine or other shaft up which the water is to be elevated. This can be done, also, without any objectionable complication of apparatus, and at but very slight expense, since it necessarily involves only an increase in the number of pipes used. I-Iaving secured the desired length of lift, in the manner shown and described, if the distance to which the water or other liquid is to be raised is greater than such length, I have the last eduction-pipe B3 discharge into an elevated stand-pipe or submergence tank D3, which is supported, in any IIO submerged. From this elevated stand-pipe Ds another eduction-pipe l3"-takes the liquid and discharges it into a higher stand-pipe or` submergence-tank D4, arranged, with reference to stand-pipe Djust as thelatter is with relation to D2. Y

A branch pipe C fromair pipe C enters the lower end of pipe B4, anddischarges compressed: air vor'` other gaseous liuid into the same, in. the same manner as do the other branch air pipes, into their respective educ- "tion pipes already described. This arrangement is continued with a series of successively higher and higherstand-pipes, of similar lengthor depth, and the eduction-pipe in each lower stand-pipe, discharging into the next higher one, yuntil the point to, which the liquid is to be raised,is finally reachedby the discharge mouth of the highest eduction-pipe.

In the apparatus, as shown in Fig; l, the successively higher stand-pipes are shown of the same. length, as :the unsubmerged portions ofthe respective eduction-pipes discharging into them. -With this construction,

. I, of course, get only about one half sub- 'mergence of the eduction-pipes. If it is desired to increase this submergence, forinstauce,to three fifths, which, as I have found bypractice, insures :the very best-result in the elevation Aof the water in an eductionpipe Ybymy process set forth in my patent referred to, the bottoms of the successive standpipes can -be set below` the tops ofthe preceding ones, in the manner indicated in Fig. 3.

pipes, to the proper points within the eduction-pipes, as shown in full lines in Fig. l, or, running down into the respective standpipes, as indicated in dottedy lines in Fig. 2. In either case the branch pipes should all be provided with valves or cocks c, whereby the iow of compressed air or fluid to the respective mouths within Athe lower parts of the eduction pipes, may be adjusted, so that just enough air` or fluid may be introduced into the columns of liquid in the various ones of such latter pipes. While, it is sufficient, for the purpose of regulating the supply of air to the needs of the various elevating devicesy of which mypresent apparatus is made up, that the valves c, c, should be ordinary ones, to be operated by hand, I contemplatejwhere' desired, employing, instead, any of thewell known forms ot reducingl valves, capable of being set to maintain the required pressure of air in the parts of branch pipes C', entering the respective eduction pipes, without reference to the pressure in pipe C.

In order to enable the elevation of the liquid in the longer eduction-pipes to be started most easily, Without the necessity ,of using a high pressure of air or gaseous Iiuid, to lift bodily out of each pipe the column of liquid tirst standing therein, I use one or more supplementary air introducing pipes C2, O2, which, being connected with the air supply main or pipe C, and provided With suitable stop-cocks c', c', enter the long eduction-pipe at different points above the place Where the branch pipe C is to deliver its air. When the elevation is to be commenced the upper one of these supplementary pipes, where there are more than one, is opened irst, so that the compressed air can new into the eductioniipe, and force that part of the column of liquid, which'is above such supplemental pipe, up and out of the eduction pipe. This reduces the Weightof liquidto be raised bodily by the yair entering through the discharge end of pipe C. It' the column otwater is very long, it can be further divided and partially removed by air admitted through yboth in the supplementary pipes, and in the branch pipe C in thelower end of the eduction-pipe, to secure the removal of the col- -umn Iof Water standing in the eduction-pipe,

even when the latter is verylong, so as to leave the way clear for the rush of water up manner, as to secure the continuous formation and upward movement of the alternate layers of vair and liquid, in accordance with my process described in`my said patent.

In Fig. 4 I show an air distributing reservoir'E, which I have used to advantage where severalair pipes running to different eduction pipes are used. It consists of a casing, preferably, but not necessarily, cylindrical in general shape, having the pipe E through whichpthe compressed air or other gaseous iiuid is supplied'to it from any desired compressing apparatus, and suitable couplings e, e, e, for the various air pipes C', C', C', which are valvedat c, c, c, in order thatthe iow of air through them may be regulated, as requiredV for the work to be done by the air from the respective pipes.

f so that its innery end will be close to the casing bottom at the lowest portion thereof, in

ICO

in thelower part of the eduction-pipe in such `simple straight open-ended ones, thrust down within the respective stand-pipes or submergence-tanks,l do not limit myself to such construction, but contemplate using instead,

where it is desired, eduction-pipes which, running outside ot thestandpipes, areconnected,

' at their lower ends, with the lower portions thereof, as shown in Fig. 5.

The manner of carrying out my improved process, by means of the apparatus shown and described, which will be fully understood from the foregoing description and the draw ings, is briefly as follows :-y @i "With the eductiompipes empty, air is first turned on, so as to fiow, through the lower end or branch of pipe C, into the lower part of the first reduction-pipe B, so as to elevate the water yfrom the sumpin accordance with my said patented process, and cause it to be discharged into the first stand-pipe orsubmergencetank D. TWhen this is filled, air kis admitted into the second eduction-pipe B through the pipe C and the water is elevated, through the ed uction-pipe, from the tank or stand-pipe D, into the second stand-pipe D. Air is'then turned on through the pipe C leading to the third eduction pipe B2, so as to raise the Water therethrough into tank or stand-pipe D2.

As less pressure of air is needed to elevate the water through the shorter eduction pipes, the respective valves c, c, are, after the regular flow of water is established, adjusted, so as to regulate the flow of air to the requirements of the different parts of the apparatus.

With the water being discharged, from the eduction pipe B2, into stand-pipe D2, from which the long lift is to be made, the supplementary air-pipe branches C2, C2, can first be,v opened to remove from stand-pipe B3 a portion of the column of liquid standing therein, above the air admitting branch pipe C', and the air is then turned on through the latter, so as to establish and continue the elevation of the liquid from tank or stand-pipe D2 up through and from said eduction-pipe. The supplementary air pipes C2, C2, can then be closed, and water will be taken continuously from the su mp or receptacle A, and delivered from the upper end of eduction-pipe B3. Here it enters the first of the series of standpipes or submergence-tanks which are arranged at diderent heights in the manner described and shown in the drawings. As the lower one of said stand pipes is filled from the eduction pipe B2, so that the water rises up in the eduction pipe B4, the compressed air or other fluid is turned on, so as to enter said pipe and raise the water therein, in the same way as it does in the other eduction pipes.

Where the lift is a long one, supplementary air introducing pipes C2, C2, are used fory removing some of the column of water above the air inlet pipe C', just as they were in the case of eduction pipe B5, already described. The successively higher and khigher stand pipes with their respective eduction pipes,

i and air introducing devices, are manipulated in the same way, so that thefwater, being continuously taken from the shallow sump or receptacle A, is lifted to and delivered at any rsy desired elevatiomin a substantially continuous current.

By my process, as described, water can be most successfully elevated to yvery great therein.

The air or gaseous fluid compressor can,of;' f

course, be placed anywhere, where it can be conveniently worked and watched, and need not be in the mine shaft, or where it may be liable to injury.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is- 1. As an improvement in the art of elevating liquids, the process which consists in connecting the lower end of an eduction-,pipe with the body of liquid to be raised so that such liquid will rise toacertain extent within thepipe,introducingcompressed gaseous fluid into the latter, below the level of the liquid therein, so as to elevate the liquid and cause it to flow from the upper end of the pipe, roceiving the outflow in a suitable tank connecting with the liquid in the tank-a second eduction pipe, having its lower end farther below the level of the liquid with which it is connected, than the first eduction pipe, and introducing compressed gaseous fluid into the second eduction pipe, at a point below that ICO IIO

to which the water from the tank would rise from the pipe in a suitable tank, submerg'ing a portion of a second longer eduction-pipe in the tank' more deepiyithan the first'pipe is submerged, and introducing compressed gase# ous fluid into the second pip-e, at a point below the level of the liquid in the tank, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. As an improvement in the art-of'elevating liquids, the process which consists in submerging a portion of an open-ended eductionpipe in the body of liquid to bevraised,intro ducing compressed gaseous fluid into such pipe at a point below the level of the surrounding liquid, so as to raise the liquid up in and from the pipe, receiving the outflow from the latter in a tank deeper than the body of liquid to be raised, submerging a second openended eduction-pipe more deeply in the tank than the other pipe is submerged, and introducing compressed gaseous iuid into the lower portion of the second pipe, so as to raise the liquid up in and from the same, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4. As an improvement in the art of elevat- 'ing water, the process which consists in submerging a portion of an open-ended eductionpipe in the liquid to be raised, introducing gaseous iiuid into such pipe, below the level of the liquid, and above the lower end of the pipe to first expel the water above the point of introduction, and then introducing compressed gaseous iiuid intothe lower portion of the pipe near its lower end, substantially as and for the purpose shown.

5. As an improvement in the art of elevating liquids the process which consists in arranging a series of successively longer openended eduction-pipes, and successively longer and longer stand-pipes or tanks, respectively, so that4 each successive eduction-pipe is submerged more deeply in its respective standpipe or tank than the preceding one, causing each eduction pipe to discharge into the tank or stand pipe of the next longest eduction pipe, introducing compressed gaseous fluid into the lower portions of the several eduction-pipes, and in the longest eductionpipe, between the level of the liquidin which it is submerged and above the point at which `compressed gaseous fluid is admitted to the lower part thereof, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In an' apparatus for elevating water'in combination with an open-ended eductionpipe connected with the body of liquid to be raised, so that such liquid will tend to rise up in the pipe, means for introducing compressed gaseous fluid into the lower part of the pipe below the point to which the liquid rises from the source of supply, a' tank or stand-pipe receiving the liquid from the upper end of the eduction-pipe, a second longer open-ended eduction-pipe connected with the liquid in the tank, so that such liquid tends to stand higher in it'than it does in the iirst eduction pipe, and means for introducing compressed gaseous'liuid into the lower part of the second eductiou pipe, substantially as and for the purpose described. l

7. lnan apparatus for elevating water in combination with an open-ended eductionpipe, partially submerged in the body of liquid to be raised, means for introducing compressed gaseous iiuid -into the lower part of s uch pipe, to raise the liquid up in and from the pipe, a` tank into which such pipe discharges,a second longer open-ended eductionpipe submerged more deeply in the liquid in the tank, than thetirst pipe is in its body of liquid, and means for introducing compressed gaseous fluid into the lower part of the second pipe, to raise the liquid up in and from the same, substantially as and for the purpose speciiied.

8. In an apparatus for elevating liquid, in combination with a series of tanks or standpipes made successively longer and longer, a

cessively longer and longer, andthe shortest one connected with the body-of liquid to be raised, so that such liquid tends normally to others connected with the respective tanks or stand-pipes, so that each successive one is connected with its respective tank or pipe at a point farther below the upper end thereof,

.than the preceding eduction pipe is, suitable connections whereby each shorter eductionvpipe discharges intotlie stand-pipe or tank of series of open-ended eduction pipes made suc'- rise to some distance in the same, and the combination with a series of tanks or standpipes of successively greater and greater depths,'a series of open-ended eductionpipes I ro partially submerged in the respective tanks` v or stand-pipes, so that each successiveone is submerged to a greater depth in its respective tank, than the preceding one, suitable connections whereby each shorter eduction-pipe discharges into the stand-pipe of the next longer one, and means for introducing compressed gaseous fluid into the lower portion of the respective eduction-pipes to raise the liquid up in and from such pipes, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. v

10. In an apparatus for elevating liquids, in combination with a suitable tank or receptacle for the liquid to be raised, an open-ended eduction-pipe connected therewith, so that the liquid will normally rise therein from the tank or receptacle, means for introducing compressedgaseous tluid'into the lower part of such pipe, an elevated tanker stand-'pipe receiving the liquid discharged from the upous iiuid into the lower port-ion of the second eduction-pipe, substantially as and for the 1o purpose described.

In testimony that I claim lthe foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this 25th day of April, 1893.

JULIUS G. PoHL. Witnesses:

J As. E. I-IUTCHINSON, CHAS. J. WILLIAMSON. 

